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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 73
TOPICS
Philadelphia, jury duty, canary in a coal mine, rule of thumb
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GLOSSARY
jury – a group of people (usually 12) who gives the decision in a legal case in
court
* The people in the courtroom were surprised when the jury only took 30 minutes
to make its decision.
pool – a group of people from which a few are selected; a swimming pool; a
small, shallow (not deep) area of liquid
* Last year, we only had 10 applicants for these summer jobs, but this year, we
have a large pool of people to choose from.
hardship – suffering; not having something that is much needed, such as money
or food; a very difficult situation that causes pain or suffering
* The university has scholarships for students who are under financial hardships.
to be excused – to be allowed to leave; to not be required to do something
* If you’re done with your dinner, you may be excused from the table.
impartial – fair; treating each side the same
* Let’s go ask Mom who should get to keep the toy we found. She’ll be an
impartial judge.
to get out of – to be released from doing something unpleasant; to no longer
have the responsibility of doing something that is difficult or disagreeable
* You’re very lucky to get out of going to the meeting this morning. It lasted three
hours and I almost fell asleep!
verdict – the final decision in a legal case in court
* Everyone in the courtroom was shocked to hear the judge’s verdict in the case.
trial – a time in court when the judge and jury hears and sees the evidence in a
court case
* The woman’s trial was delayed for two weeks, so that the prosecuting attorney
could gather more evidence against her.
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 73
cheesesteak – a long sandwich with thin pieces of steak (beef) and melted
cheese
* How can you eat two Philly cheesesteaks for lunch and still be hungry?
diverse – having different types of people that represent different races, cultures,
genders, and backgrounds
* In her speech, the company president credited the company’s diverse group of
employees for its fresh ideas and ability to think innovatively.
liberty – being free; being without many restrictions or rules placed on one by
other people with more power or a higher position
* This organization is built on the idea that everyone has the liberty to make their
own decisions.
canary – a small yellow bird that sings
* When I was 9 years old, my aunt gave me a canary as a pet.
coal mine – an area where coal (black rock used for fuel) is taken from the land
* Working in a coal mine is difficult work and can be very dangerous for
inexperienced miners.
rule of thumb – a general rule or principle that can used with many situations,
but that may not fit each one exactly
* When my brother asked me for advice about how to break up with his girlfriend,
I told him that my rule of thumb is to be honest and direct.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 73
WHAT INSIDERS KNOW
Jokes About Lawyers
In the United States, as in other countries, there are many different types of
lawyers. However, lawyers in the US have one thing “in common” (the same).
They often have a bad “reputation” and many people have negative opinions
about lawyers. Some people say that lawyers are “ambulance chasers,” that is,
they chase or go after people in bad or weak situations to get a “client”
(customer). People also say that lawyers charging a lot of money—too much
money—for their services. Others say that lawyers are “dishonest” or tell lies.
Of course this is not true for most lawyers, but there are a lot of jokes based on
these negative opinions. Here are two:
Joke 1
A doctor and a lawyer are at a “cocktail” (formal evening) party. A man
walks up to the doctor and asks him for advice about how to treat a pain in his
arm. The doctor gives the man some advice. When the man walks way, the
doctor turns to the lawyer and asks him, “What do you do when someone asks
you for legal advice in a social situation?”
The lawyer replies, “I send them a bill for the advice I gave them.”
The next morning, the doctor arrives at his office and sends a bill for $50
to the man with the pain in his arm. That afternoon, the doctor receives a bill from
the lawyer for $100!
Joke 2
Question: How can you tell when a lawyer is lying?
Answer: His lips are moving.
Finally, lawyers are known to be “litigious” (being too ready to sue). If you’re a
lawyer, please don’t sue us because of these bad jokes!
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2007). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 73
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT
You're listening to ESL Podcast's English Café number 73.
This is English Café episode 73. I'm your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you
from the Center for Educational Development in beautiful Los Angeles,
California.
If you listen to this podcast but haven't visited our website recently, go to
eslpod.com and take a look at some of the new things we have on our website.
You can also download the Learning Guide for this episode that contains all of
the words, vocabulary, cultural notes and a complete transcript of this episode.
On this Café, we're going to talk about the City of Philadelphia. We've talked
about other famous American cities in previous Cafés, and today will talk about
the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We're also going to talk about jury duty,
something that most Americans have experienced. And, as always, we'll answer
a few of your questions. Let's get started!
Our first topic today is the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is a
state located on the east coast of the US. It is one of the original 13 states in the
United States, and probably the most important state in the early history of the
US.
When Americans think of Philadelphia, they think of the Revolutionary War, back
in the late 18th century. 1776 was the beginning, with the Declaration of
Independence, when the American colonists - those who had come originally
from - mostly from Great Britain - decided to become independent. And, of
course, there followed a long war - the Revolutionary War - which ended in the
American colonists winning and declaring - or beginning - a new country, which
we now call the United States.
Philadelphia was a very important city in the early history of the US, and it's still
an important city. It is the fifth largest city in the United States in terms of
population. Although the population of Philadelphia has been going down in
recent years, it's still a very large city.
The word Philadelphia - the name Philadelphia - comes from the Greek, which is
normally translated the City of Brotherly Love - brotherly coming from the word
brother. The City of Brotherly Love was started - or founded - by some religious
people called the Quakers, “Quakers.” The Quakers were a small group of
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 73
Christian people, who came to Pennsylvania - what is now the state of
Pennsylvania - and founded - or began - the City of Philadelphia.
I say that the City of Philadelphia was very important in the early history. The
first Constitutional Conventions were held in the City of Philadelphia, and
Philadelphia was the capital of the United States - the first capital of the United
States - until the year 1800, when the new capitol was built in a new city, which
we call Washington, DC, or the District of Columbia.
But, Philadelphia was actually our first capital, and when most Americans think of
Philadelphia, they think of Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the early
Revolutionary leaders. Benjamin Franklin is considered like a wise uncle, and
he's considered one of the better writers and thinkers, certainly one that has a
very American outlook. Franklin lived in Philadelphia, and participated in some of
the early meetings of the Revolutionary leaders.
If you visit Philadelphia, you'll probably want to visit the place where the
Constitutional Convention was held, and that's called Independence Hall - it's
now called Independence Hall. You’ll also want to see a famous bell that is
associated with the American Revolution. A bell, “bell,” is something that you
usually have in a large, tall tower such as a church tower, and you ring the bell.
It sounds something like this [audio of bell ringing]. That's a bell.
In Philadelphia, there is a Liberty Bell. Liberty, “liberty,” means freedom. The
Liberty Bell is famous because it was used during the Revolution to call people to
come to the center of the town - to Independence Hall - to hear news of important
events, the most important of which was the Declaration of Independence on July
4th, 1776. So, it is a symbol of the American Revolution.
The Liberty Bell is also interesting because it was used when famous people
died, George Washington, for example. The bell was rung - they made a noise
with the bell. But, the bell eventually cracked. When we say something cracked,
“cracked,” we mean that it broke. And now, the bell is no longer used because it
is cracked, but it is still a very famous symbol of the American Revolution.
Philadelphia is also famous for being a very diverse city. When we say a place is
diverse, “diverse,” we usually mean it has different ethnicities or different races,
in this case, whites, African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans. Philadelphia
has a very mixed population.
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