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English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 80
TOPICS
Google Book Search, Clint Eastwood, village vs. neighborhood, to retrieve vs. to
recover, cooking vs. cuisine
_____________
GLOSSARY
search engine – a website page such as www.google.com or www.ask.com that
allows one to enter words and receive a list of other websites that have those
words
* Have you ever typed your own name into a search engine to see which
websites your name is on?
ambitious – intending to succeed with a difficult or big plan; having or showing a
strong wish to succeed; wanting to be very successful, powerful, or rich
* Leonel is very ambitious. He wants to go to law school and medical school so
that he can work as a lawyer and as a doctor.
to scan – to put a piece of paper with text or a photo into a machine called a
scanner, so that it is saved as an electronic computer file
* Please scan this letter and then email it to Dr. Vasquez.
beta – an unfinished software program that isn’t being sold yet, but people are
asked to use it to help the company decide how to make it better
* This is a very popular email program, but so far it is available only as a beta
program, so sometimes things don’t work perfectly.
public domain – something that can be used and shared by anyone
* The Internet has a lot of public domain software that you can use without
paying for it.
copyright – legal ownership of the right to reproduce or copy someone’s writing,
music, or artwork
* Who has the copyright to this song? We want to ask him or her for permission
to use the song in a commercial.
to infringe – to not follow a law or rule
* The students infringed on the book’s copyright when they used its text for their
school newspaper without permission.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 80
to err on the side of caution – to be cautious; to be very careful and decide not
to take a risk
* Even though it seemed like a good investment opportunity, he erred on the side
of caution and invested only $150.
snippet – a small piece of information, music, news, or something similar
* There was an interesting snippet on the news last night about the elections in
Panama.
bankable – likely to be profitable; something that will probably make money
* Isabel has a lot of bankable business ideas. She just needs to take the time to
learn how to open a new business so that she can start to make money from her
ideas.
to call the shots – to decide; to make important decisions; to be responsible for
deciding something
* Even though Hank is supposed to be the leader, his assistant is the one who’s
really calling the shots.
village – a small town in the countryside
* We visited a small, beautiful village in Germany last summer.
neighborhood – an area in a city or large town
* Washington, DC is made up of many neighborhoods, such as Dupont Circle,
Logan Circle, and Mount Pleasant.
to retrieve – to get something back, usually from where it was lost or from where
it shouldn’t have been
* The police helped us retrieve the stolen television and stereo from the thief.
to recover – to get something back after it has been stolen, lost, or missing
* Do you think we’ll be able to recover some of our losses from the stock market
this year?
cuisine – a type of cooking, usually related to a specific country or area
* Do you prefer Chinese or Italian cuisine?
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 80
WHAT INSIDERS KNOW
Spaghetti Westerns
A “Western film” is a movie about Western America during the 1800s, when there
were many cowboys, Indians (now called “Native Americans” or “American
Indians”), and “ranchers” (people who owned many “cattle” or cows). These
movies were very popular in the United States until around the 1970s. Today
people are still making some Western films, but the movies are not as popular as
they used to be.
In the 1960s, many Western films were made by Italian “studios,” or companies
that make movies. These Italian Western films are known by the “nickname”
(informal name) of “Spaghetti Westerns.” This is because “spaghetti” is a
common, long type of “noodle,” or pasta, from Italy.
Many Spaghetti Westerns were “filmed,” or recorded, in the Spanish “desert” (a
hot, dry, sandy area), because it looked similar to parts of the American West.
Also, because Spaniards spoke Spanish, they often acted in the Spaghetti
Westerns as if they were Mexicans, usually fighting with the Americans.
Spaghetti Westerns usually had Italian-speaking actors and were very “violent,”
with a lot of fighting. They were also filmed in a “minimalist” (simple) style and
many people did not like these movies for that reason. But in the 1980s people
began to “appreciate” (see as being good or worthwhile) Spaghetti Westerns
because they recognized that the movies had changed American’s ideas about
the American West.
One of the most famous Spaghetti Westerns is the “trilogy” (a series of three
related movies) called "Man With No Name." Clint Eastwood, a very popular
American actor who acted in many Western films, was the “star” (main
character). The three movies in the trilogy are: "A Fistful of Dollars," "For a Few
Dollars More," and "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly." The third movie is
probably the most famous Western film ever made.
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 80
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT
This is ESL Podcast's English Café episode 80.
This is English Café episode 80. I'm your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you
from the Center for Educational Development in beautiful Los Angeles,
California.
Remember to visit our website at eslpod.com and download the Learning Guide
for this episode. You can also take a look at our new premium courses, as well
as other new things we have now on our website.
Today we're going to talk about something called the Google Book Project - talk
about what that is and why you may be interested in it. We're also going to talk
about a famous actor and director in the United States called Clint Eastwood.
And as always, we'll answer a few of your questions. Let's get started.
Our first topic today is one that you may know something about already, it's
called the Google Book Project. Google, as you probably know, is the world's, or
one of the world's, largest search engines. A search engine, “engine,” is what we
call a website that allows you to search for things by name on the Internet. We
use that word engine also when we are talking about a motor, such as the motor
in your car. That's the little machine that allows the car to go forward - it makes
the car go forward. So, the word engine is used in a couple of different ways.
Google, as I say, is a search engine, and a couple of years ago they decided that
they were going to try to create a digital data base - or a record - of all or most of
the books that have been published. This is a very ambitious project. We say
something is ambitious, “ambitious,” we mean that it tries to do something that is
very large or very great.
In this case, the Google company decided to talk to some of the big libraries -
some of the big libraries here in the United States - and right now they are in the
process of scanning hundreds and thousands of books. To scan, “scan,” means
to put a piece of paper onto some sort of a machine - we would call it a scanner,
“scanner” - and that converts - or changes - the picture into an electronic format.
Google is trying to produce what are called full text of the books. Full, “full,”
meaning all, text, “text,” meaning the words, in this case. So, all of the words -
the entire book - that will be stored in this digital library or digital database. The
idea is that you can put in a keyword, “keyword,” or the word that you are looking
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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 80
for, or a topic that you are looking for, and you will be able to search for that in
the Google book search. This has already started, and you can go onto Google
and find this new service.
Right now, the service is in what's called the beta stage, “beta.” Beta is a term
that websites use for their software that is still is not the final version, they're still
testing it, we call that the beta version.
One of problems with this new project that Google is finding is that many of the
people who make books - the publishers of the books - don't want their books to
be scanned by Google. Now, Google is doing this scanning procedure on books
that are in the public domain, as well as books that are no longer in copyright.
The term public domain, “domain,” means that the material is free - that nobody
owns it. For example, here in the United States anything that the federal
government makes - anything they produce - any books, their websites - are all
usually in the public domain, meaning anyone can use them however they want
and they don't have to pay any money to the government.
There are other books and publications that are in the public domain. There are
also some books that are so old that they no longer have what's called copyright
protection. Copyright, “copyright,” is a legal protection that a government gives
you when you publish a book or you produce something such as this podcast,
you can copyright it, meaning no one else can use it without your permission.
The problem that Google is having is not with the public domain books or the out
of copyright, meaning they're so old that they do not have the copyright
protection anymore, but with books that are still copyrighted, and some
publishers are saying that Google is infringing on their copyright. The verb to
infringe, “infringe,” means something similar to violate, “violate.” To infringe or to
violate copyright means that you are doing something illegal - something wrong -
you are taking their copyrighted material and using it without getting their
permission.
The Google people say that they try to err on the side of caution. This is an
expression we use. To err, “err,” sometimes pronounced to err (air), it comes
from the word error, “error,” which means a mistake. So, we err on the side of
caution, “caution.” This is an expression that means we try to be as careful as
we can - whenever there's a doubt, we'll try to take the safest route - the safest
path. To err on the side of caution, for example, could be used when you say,
“I'm not sure which one of my students stole my exam - tried to cheat. I'm going
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