Routledge Dictionary of Economics, 2e.pdf

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Routledge Dictionary
of Economics
Second edition
The most informative dictionary of economics available, the Routledge Dictionary of
Economics avoids the tendency to indulge in long-winded definitions of the major
concepts and provides students with a lucid, comprehensive and accurate guide to the
discipline. Employing the key feature of further reading with many of the terms, the
book uses the subject classification system defined by the Journal of Economic Literature
and The Economic Journal.
There have been sweeping developments in economics in the decade since the
appearance of the first edition of the dictionary and the new version reflects this by
including a wealth of material on additional topics, including:
.
economic anthropology
.
Blairism
.
endogenous growth theory
.
French Circuit School
.
output floor regulation
.
predator–prey models.
The dictionary has been compiled for the needs of students and teachers of
economics, finance, accountancy and business studies and should prove to be an
invaluable resource.
Donald Rutherford is Lecturer in Economics and Associate Dean of the Faculty of
Social Sciences at the University of Edinburgh.
© 2002 Donald Rutherford
Routledge
Dictionary of
Economics
Second edition
Donald Rutherford
London and New York
© 2002 Donald Rutherford
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First published in 1992 as the Dictionary of Economics
Second edition published 2002
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk .”
# 2002 Donald Rutherford
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-00054-4 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0–415–25090–0 (hbk)
ISBN 0–415–25091–9 (pbk)
© 2002 Donald Rutherford
Contents
DICTIONARY OF ECONOMICS
Appendices
Subject classifications
© 2002 Donald Rutherford
Preface to the first edition
Economics, the Queen of the Social Sciences, has now established itself as a major
subject in dialogue with the physical sciences, law and the arts. There are few
aspects of human behaviour that do not have an economic dimension and little of
current affairs can be understood without a knowledge of economic principles. It
is, therefore, not surprising that it is a major discipline in schools, colleges and
universities throughout the world, studied by millions and the topic of
conversation of millions more.
The Routledge Dictionary of Economics has as its concerns as many issues as the
subject Economics now covers. The breadth can be appreciated by considering the
subject classifications used by the Journal of Economic Literature (USA) and The
Economic Journal (UK). The related specialties of economic history, commercial
law, and econometric and statistical techniques are all within its ambit. However,
to prevent a subject dictionary becoming encyclopedic, a lexicographer can follow
the useful conventions of taking from sister disciplines only what is regularly used
in mainstream economic literature. For example, from law, it is customary to
emphasize competition, fiscal and banking law more than constitutional or
criminal law. This interpretation of economics in the broad sense makes a
dictionary of this kind more of a dictionary for economists, rather than a
dictionary of economics with terms peculiar to the subject.
Even if a dictionary takes a broad view of its subject matter, it is usually
addressed to a particular audience, such as first-year undergraduates. This is an
approach that I have wanted to avoid, as there is a substantial heterogeneity of
economics courses and students often need to research some areas of the subject in
more depth than others. Also, it can be patronizing to the general reader to regard
all of his or her knowledge to date as rudimentary. Even the reader of the daily
newspapers who never looks at an economics textbook will encounter the most
complex of ideas, chaos theory for example.
To produce a dictionary of this kind, I started with an assortment of basic
textbooks and many current newspapers and journals. I soon discovered that
about a thousand concepts are common to all the textbooks, for example notions
of cost, economic systems and banking. From general textbooks I moved to a
© 2002 Donald Rutherford
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