lesson_53.pdf

Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!

GRAMMAR

REPORTED SPEECH (1)

When we report what somebody said, there is a change in tense:

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Present simple ( = I look) Past simple ( = I looked)

Present continuous ( = I am looking) Past continuous ( = I was looking)

Past simple ( = I looked) Past perfect ( = I had looked)

Present perfect ( = I have looked) Past perfect ( = I had looked)

Past continuous ( = I was looking) Past perfect Cont. (I 'd been looking)

Past perfect ( = I had looked) Past perfect ( = I had looked)

Will (future) ( = I will look) Would ( = I would look)

Can ( = I can look) Could ( = I could look)

May ( = I may look) Might ( = I might look)

Must ( = I must look) Had to ( = I had to look)

Could/ought to/would/should/used to NO CHANGE

EXAMPLES

Direct speech: "I am looking for the library."

Reported speech: He said (that) he was looking for the library.

Direct speech: "I like the soup very much."

Reported speech: He said (that) he liked the soup very much.

Direct Speech: "I will help you."

Reported Speech: He said (that) he would help me.

Direct Speech: "I believe that I am right."

Reported Speech: He said (that) he believed that he was right)

Reporting verbs:

Say + (that) = He said that he was happy.

Tell + person (+ that) = He told me/us/them that he was a teacher.

We also change some other words when we report:

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

You

He/She/The weatherman etc

They

Her/his

Our(s)

Their(s)

Mine

His/hers

I/me/we/us

Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!

EXAMPLES

Direct Speech: I think you should be quiet.

Reported Speech: He said I should be quiet.

Direct Speech: I'm sure we will beat you in the match.

Reported Speech: He told us that they would beat us in the match.

UWAGA WRONG: He said me some information.

RIGHT:

He told me some information.

Practice 1

Report these sentences using the information above:

1) "I will see you at the cinema."

He said ..............................................................................................

2) We are going to buy a new car."

.................. told ..................................................................................

3) "I think I have eaten something bad."

She said ...............................................................................................

4) "I have never seen that film."

......................... told ............................................................................

5) "I had never seen an elephant before."

He said ................................................................................................

Practice 2

Change these reported sentences into direct speech:

1) They said that we were wrong.

.............................................................................................................

2) She told us that she hadn't stolen the money.

.............................................................................................................

3) The sign said that swimming was forbidden.

.............................................................................................................

4) I said that I would tell the director about them.

.............................................................................................................

Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!

VOCABULARY

SAY, TELL, TALK, SPEAK

Practice 1

Decide which verb you should use with these expressions, SAY, TELL, TALK, SPEAK:

...... the time

....... a lie

...... the truth

...... nonsense

...... what job you do

...... a joke

...... a prayer

...... a story

...... to someone

...... what you want

FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE

FORMAL

INFORMAL

Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr. Jones Hi, Monika!

Full forms (I am, he is) Short forms (I'm, he's)

Specific verbs (apply, request, inquire) Phrasal verbs (fill in, go out, run out)

Reported speech (He said he was ill) Direct speech ("I am ill.")

Impersonal Personal details/information

Passive voice (An article was published) Active voice (You published an article)

Indirect questions (Would it be possible to ...?) Direct questions (Could you send me ...)

Formal connectors (However, moreover)

Informal connectors (So, anyway, then)

Polite questions (I would like ...)

Rhetorical questions (Can you imagine?)

Yours faithfully/ Yours sincerely

Regards/Best wishes/See you soon etc

Inexpressive language (I was unhappy)

Expressive language (I was really

unhappy)

Practice 2

Make the underlined parts of this letter more formal:

Dear Mr

I'm writing to complain about a pen that I got at your shop. It was broken and I want my

money back. Will you give me my money back?

The pen was very expensive and I was really upset when it broke. You shouldn't sell pens

which break.

Best wishes

Hermann

...... a language

...... fluently

I look forward to a reply

I am looking forward to your reply

Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!

Vocabulary from the unit:

fill in - wypeþniaę

go out - wychodzię

inquire - pytaę

run out Î koıczyę siħ

upset Î zmartwiony, zdenerwowany

weatherman - synoptyk

LESSON 53 Î answer key

GRAMMAR

Practice 1

1. "I will see you at the cinema."

He said he would see me at the cinema.

2. We are going to buy a new car."

He told me they were going to buy a new car.

3. "I think I have eaten something bad."

She said she thought she had eaten something bad.

4. "I have never seen that film."

He told me he had never seen that film.

5. "I had never seen an elephant before."

He said he had never seen an elephant before.

Practice 2

1. They said that we were wrong.

You are wrong.

2. She told us that she hadn't stolen the money.

I didnÓt steal the money.

3. The sign said that swimming was forbidden.

Swimming is forbidden.

4. I said that I would tell the director about them.

I will tell the director about you.

VOCABULARY

Practice 1

tell the time

tell a lie

tell the truth

speak/talk nonsense

say what job you do

tell a story

speak a language

speak fluently

talk to someone

say what you want

say a prayer

tell a joke

Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!

Practice 2

Dear Mr Sir

I'm I am writing to complain about a pen that I got bought at your shop. It was broken and I

want would like my money back. Will you give me Could I be given my money back?

The pen was very expensive and I was really upset when it broke. You shouldn't sell pens

which break Pens which break shouldnÓt be sold.

Best wishes Yours faithfully,

Hermann

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