Health and illness.pdf

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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-68201-5 - Professional English in Use Medicine
Eric H. Glendinning and Ron Howard
Excerpt
More information
1 Asking about health
Health is the state of the body. When doctors want to know about a patient’s usual
health, they ask questions such as:
Health and illness
A
Asking about health
Health is the state of the body. When doctors want to know about a patient’s usual
health, they ask questions such as:
What is your general
health like?
How’s your health,
generally?
If you are in good health , you are well and have no illness (disease). If you are healthy
you are normally well and can resist illness. If you are fit , you are well and strong.
healthy
fit
unhealthy
unfit
unwell
fit and
well
not ill
ill
well
very well
in good health
not well
not very well
poorly
in poor health
B
Sickness
Sickness has a similar meaning to illness. It is also used in the names of a few specific
diseases, for example sleeping sickness and travel sickness . Patients also talk about
sickness when they mean nausea and vomiting.
Patient says
Possible meanings
I was sick this morning.
I was ill this morning.
I felt unwell this morning.
I vomited this morning.
I feel sick.
I feel ill.
I feel unwell.
I am nauseous.
I feel the need to vomit.
The combination sickness and diarrhoea means vomiting and diarrhoea.
C
Recovery
When patients return to normal health after illness, they have recovered . We can also say:
The patient
made a
good
full
complete
recovery.
If a patient’s health is in the process of returning to normal, the patient is improving . The
opposite is deteriorating . We can also say that the patient’s condition improved or deteriorated .
In speech, we often use the verb get to talk about change:
over (an illness)
= to recover
If a patient is better, but then gets
worse again, the patient has relapsed .
Another word for improvement ,
especially in recurring conditions such
as cancer, is remission .
get
better
= to improve
worse
= to deteriorate
He got over the
illness very quickly.
Two years later she remains
in complete remission .
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Professional English in Use Medicine
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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-68201-5 - Professional English in Use Medicine
Eric H. Glendinning and Ron Howard
Excerpt
More information
1.1
Complete the table with words from A and B opposite. The first one has been done for you.
Noun
Adjective
fitness
fit
health
illness
sickness
1.2
Make word combinations using a word from each box. Look at B and C opposite to help you.
complete
feel
get
poor
travel
sickness
health
remission
sick
over
1.3
Complete the conversation. Look at B opposite to help you.
Doctor: How are you feeling today?
Patient: Not very (1) .
Doctor: How long have you been feeling (2)
?
Patient: About a week.
Doctor: What is your (3) like normally?
Patient: Very good. I’m usually quite (4)
and (5)
.
Doctor: What is the problem now?
Patient: It’s my stomach.
Doctor: Do you feel (6)
?
Patient: Yes.
Doctor: Have you actually been (7)
?
Patient: No.
Doctor: Have you had any serious (8)
in the past?
Patient: No, none at all.
1.4
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Look at B and C opposite to help you.
1 Her condition (deteriorated/improved) and she died.
2 He (relapsed/recovered) and was allowed to go home from hospital.
3 The cause of sleeping
(illness/sickness) was discovered in 1901.
4 The patient made a full
(remission/recovery).
5 I have been in
(poor/good) health for months and feel very fit.
6 It was a month before I
(got over / got better) the illness.
7 He seems to be rather
(unhealthy/unwell) – his diet is bad and he never
exercises.
El[hjeoek
What advice do you give people for keeping fit and well?
Professional English in Use Medicine
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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-68201-5 - Professional English in Use Medicine
Eric H. Glendinning and Ron Howard
Excerpt
More information
2
Parts of the body 1
A
Parts of the body
Most external parts of the body have ordinary English names as well as anatomical names.
Doctors normally use the English names, even when talking to each other. There are a few
exceptions where doctors use the anatomical name; these are shown in brackets below.
1
2
3
4
5
6
13
1 jaw (mandible)
2 neck
3 shoulder
4 armpit (axilla)
5 upper arm
6 elbow
7 back
8 buttock
9 wrist
10 thigh
11 calf
12 leg
13 chest (thorax)
14 breast
15 stomach , tummy
(abdomen)
16 navel (umbilicus)
17 hip
18 groin
(inguinalregion)
19 knee
(patella= kneecap )
20 shin
15
16
17
18
9
7
10
8
19
11
12
20
Limb means arm ( upper limb ) or leg ( lower limb ). The trunk is the body excluding the
head and limbs.
For a more detailed diagram showing parts of the body, see Appendix I on page 00.
B
Referring to parts of the body
When patients speak about their problem they
often refer to a part of the body:
hip.
I’m having trouble with my shoulder.
knee.
the
chest?
The doctor often needs to ask about a part
of the body:
Do you get any pain in
stomach?
back?
your
C
Describing radiation of pain
A patient is telling the doctor about his back pain and the parts of the body it radiates to.
It starts in the back. Then it seems to go into the right
buttock and down the back of the right thigh to the knee.
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Professional English in Use Medicine
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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-68201-5 - Professional English in Use Medicine
Eric H. Glendinning and Ron Howard
Excerpt
More information
2.1
Write the ordinary English words for the corresponding anatomical terms in the table
using your medical knowledge. Look at A opposite to help you.
Anatomical term
Common word
abdomen
axilla
carpus
coxa
cubitus
mamma
nates
patella
2.2
Complete the sentences using ordinary English words. Look at A and C opposite to help you.
a
A male patient describing angina pectoris:
It’s like a tightness across my (1)
, and it goes up
(2)
my (3)
and into my left
(4)
and (5)
the left (6)
.
b
A male patient describing renal colic:
It starts (1)
the loin and goes into the
(2)
and (3)
into the testicle.
2.3
Complete the sentences. Look at A opposite to help you.
Anatomical term
Patient’s statement
1
inguinal swelling
I’ve got a lump in the
.
2
abdominal pain
My little boy’s got a
ache.
3
periumbilical rash
I’ve got some spots around my
.
4
thoracic pain
I’ve got a pain in the middle of the
.
5
enlarged axillary node
There’s a painful swelling in my
.
6
mandibular pain
I’ve got a pain in my
.
2.4
Complete the table with words from the box. The first one has been done for you.
abdomen
elbow
loin
wrist
thigh
knee
chest
arm
leg
finger
Trunk
Upper limb
Lower limb
abdomen
El[hjeoek
Make a list of the words from A opposite that you find it hard to remember or that you
need most often. Try to learn at least one of them every day.
Professional English in Use Medicine
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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-68201-5 - Professional English in Use Medicine
Eric H. Glendinning and Ron Howard
Excerpt
More information
3
Parts of the body 2
A
The abdomen
The main organs of the body have ordinary English names and doctors use these words.
But when an adjective is needed they often use an anatomical word. For example, we
can say disease of the liver or hepatic disease . Some abdominal organs, for example the
pancreas, have no ordinary name.
pancreas
duodenum
stomach
gall bladder
liver
spleen
right kidney
left kidney
When doctors talk about the main parts of the digestive system, they use the words bowel
or intestine : the small intestine or the small bowel , the large intestine or the large bowel .
When speaking to patients, doctors may refer to the anus and rectum as the back passage .
B
The chest
The chest (thorax) contains the organs of respiration and the heart . The main parts of the
respiratory system are the airways and the lungs . The left lung is divided into two lobes ,
and the right into three. The airways consist of the larynx, the trachea (or windpipe) , the
right and left bronchus, and the bronchioles . The chest is separated from the abdomen by
the diaphragm .
C
The pelvis
A doctor is explaining the function of the bladder to a patient.
The bladder is situated in the pelvis, as you know, and it is connected to each kidney by a
long tube called the ureter – one on each side. The ureters carry the urine from the kidneys
to the bladder, where it is stored until you decide to empty your bladder . When that
happens, the urine passes down another tube, called the urethra , to the outside.
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