Document B1 - Fire Safety in Dwellings from April 2007.pdf

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VOLUME 1
MAIN CHANGES IN THE
2006 EDITION
This edition of Approved Document B, Fire safety,
replaces the 2000 edition. The main changes are:
vi. Guidance on the application of B1 to
replacement windows has been included.
vii. Guidance on the use of air circulation
systems in houses with protected
stairways is given.
B3
g . Integral Garages: The provision of a sloping
floor has been included as an alternative to
the 100mm step between dwellinghouses
and integral garages.
h . Compartmentation: Guidance on the
junction between compartment walls and
roofs has been clarified and expanded.
i . Cavity Barriers: Window and door frames
are only suitable for use as cavity barriers if
they are constructed of steel or timber of an
appropriate thickness.
General
a . Approved Document B: The Approved
Document has been split into two volumes.
Volume 1 deals with dwellinghouses, Volume 2
deals with buildings other than dwellinghouses.
Wherever possible the guidance in Volume 1
has been tailored and simplified to be more
directly relevant to dwellinghouses.
Introduction
c . Certification Schemes: Suitable schemes
may be accepted by Building Control Bodies
as evidence of compliance.
b . Residential Sprinklers: The use of sprinkler
systems in accordance with BS 9251:2005
is recognised.
d . Adult Placements: Reference is made to
the code of practice for fire safety in adult
placements.
B4
j . Roof Coverings: The guidance on roof
coverings incorporates the new European
system of classification set out in BS EN
13501-5:2005.
B5
k . Vehicle Access: There should be access for
a pump appliance to within 45m of all points
within a dwellinghouse.
B1
e . Fire Alarms: The guidance on smoke alarms
has been amended such that alarms should be
installed in accordance with BS 5839- 6:2004.
Simple guidance has been retained, in the
form of a commentary on this standard, so
that most users of the Approved Document
will not necessarily need to obtain a copy of
the standard.
All smoke alarms should have a standby
power supply.
Where a dwellinghouse is extended
smoke alarms should be provided in the
circulation spaces.
f . Means of escape: The guidance on means
of escape has been restructured to make it
easier to use.
i. Additional guidance has been provided in
relation to work on existing houses.
ii. Locks and child resistant safety stays
may be provided on escape windows.
iii. The alternative approach for loft
conversions to two storey houses has
been removed.
iv. New guidance has been provided on the
provision of galleries and inner inner rooms.
v. An option of providing sprinkler protection
instead of alternative escape routes has
been included for dwellinghouses with a
floor more than 7.5m above ground level.
Appendix B
l . Self-Closing Devices: Other than doors
between a dwellinghouse and an integral
garage, fire doors need not be provided with
self closing devices.
 
B
Contents
PAGE
PAGE
Use of guidance
4
Provisions for escape from upper fl oors
more than 4.5m above ground level
17
The Approved Documents
4
General provisions
19
Limitation on requirements
4
Work on existing houses
22
Materials and workmanship
4
Interaction with other legislation
5
B2 Internal fi re spread (linings)
– The Requirement
24
General introduction: Fire safety
8
B2 Guidance
25
Scope
8
Performance
25
Arrangement of sections
8
Introduction
25
Building maintenance and the provision
of information
8
B2 Section 3: Wall and ceiling linings
26
Property protection
9
Classifi cation of linings
26
Independent schemes of certifi cation
and accreditation
9
Variations and special provisions
26
Thermoplastic materials
26
Residential sprinklers
9
Inclusive design
10
B3 Internal fi re spread (structure)
– The Requirement
29
Material alteration
10
Alternative approaches
10
B3 Guidance
30
B1 Means of warning and escape
– The Requirement
Performance
30
12
Introduction
30
B1 Guidance
13
B3 Section 4: Loadbearing elements
of structure
31
Performance
13
Introduction
31
Introduction
13
Fire resistance standard
31
Analysis of the problem
13
Security
14
B3 Section 5: Compartmentation
32
General
14
Introduction
32
B1 Section 1: Fire detection and
fi re alarm systems
Provision of compartmentation
32
15
Construction of compartment walls and
compartment fl oors
32
Introduction
15
Openings in compartmentation
33
General
15
Large houses
15
B3 Section 6: Concealed spaces (cavities) 35
Introduction 35
Provision of cavity barriers 35
Construction and fi xings for cavity barriers 36
Openings in cavity barriers
Material alterations
15
Sheltered housing
15
Positioning of smoke and heat alarms
15
Power supplies
16
37
Design and installation of systems
16
B3 Section 7: Protection of openings
and fi re-stopping
B1 Section 2: Means of escape 17
Introduction 17
Provisions for escape from the ground storey 17
Provisions for escape from upper fl oors
not more than 4.5m above ground level
38
Introduction
38
Openings for pipes
38
Ventilation ducts, fl ues, etc.
39
17
Fire-stopping
40
Approved Document B (Fire safety)
Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses
1
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B
CONTENTS
PAGE
PAGE
B4 External fi re spread
– The Requirement
Appendix B: Fire doors
66
41
Appendix C: Methods of measurement
68
B4 Guidance
42
Appendix D: Purpose groups
69
Performance
42
Introduction
42
Appendix E: Defi nitions
70
B4 Section 8: Construction of
external walls
43
Appendix F: Standards and other
publications referred to
73
Introduction
43
Diagrams
Fire resistance standard
43
B1
1.
External surfaces
43
Means of escape from dwellinghouses 18
B4 Section 9: Space separation
44
2.
Alternative arrangements for fi nal exits 19
Introduction
44
3.
Fire separation in houses with more
than one fl oor over 4.5m above
ground level
Boundaries
44
19
Unprotected areas
45
4.
Ground or basement storey exit into
an enclosed space
Methods for calculating acceptable
unprotected area
20
46
5.
Gallery fl oors with no alternative exit 21
B4 Section 10: Roof coverings
49
6.
Alternative cavity barrier arrangements
in roof space over protected stairway
in a house with a fl oor more than 4.5m
above ground level
Introduction
49
Classifi cation of performance
49
21
Separation distances
49
7.
Fire resistance of areas adjacent to
external stairs
B5 Access and facilities for
the Fire and Rescue Service
– The Requirement
22
52
B2
8.
B5 Guidance
53
Lighting diffuser in relation to ceiling 27
9.
Layout restrictions on Class 3 plastic
roofl ights, TP(b) roofl ights and TP(b)
lighting diffusers
Performance
53
Introduction
53
28
B5 Section 11: Vehicle access 54
Introduction 54
Design of access routes and hard-standings 54
B3
10. Separation between garage and
dwellinghouse
32
11. Junction of compartment wall
with roof
Appendices
34
Appendix A: Performance of materials,
products and structures
55
12. Interrupting concealed
spaces (cavities)
35
13. Cavity walls excluded from provisions
for cavity barriers
Introduction
55
36
Fire resistance
55
14. Pipes penetrating structure
39
Roofs
56
15. Enclosure for drainage or water
supply pipes
Reaction to fi re
57
39
Non-combustible materials
57
16. Flues penetrating compartment
walls or fl oors
40
Materials of limited combustibility
57
Internal linings
58
B4
17. Relevant boundary
Thermoplastic materials
58
44
Fire test methods
59
18. Notional boundary
45
19. Status of combustible surface
material as unprotected area
45
Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses
Approved Document B (Fire safety)
2
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CONTENTS
B
PAGE
PAGE
20. Unprotected areas which may be
disregarded in assessing the separation
distance from the boundary
47
A4. Limitations on the use of
uninsulated glazed elements
on escape routes 62
A5. Notional designations of roof coverings 63
A6. Use and defi nitions of
non-combustible materials
21. The effect of a canopy on
separation distance
47
22. Permitted unprotected areas for
Method 1
64
48
A7. Use and defi nitions of materials of
limited combustibility
23. Limitations on spacing and size of
plastic roofl ights having a Class 3
(National Class) or Class D-s3,
d2 (European class) or TP(b)
lower surface
64
49
A8. Typical performance ratings
of some generic materials
and products
65
B1. Provisions for fi re doors
67
B5
24. Turning facilities
54
D1. Classifi cation of purpose groups
69
Appendix C
C1. Height of top storey in building
68
Tables
B2
1. Classifi cation of linings
26
2. Limitations applied to thermoplastic
roofl ights and lighting diffusers in
suspended ceilings and Class 3
plastic roofl ights
28
B3
3. Maximum nominal internal diameter of
pipes passing through a fi re separating
element
38
B4
4. Permitted unprotected areas for
Method 2
48
5. Limitations on roof coverings
50
6. Class 3 (National class) or Class
D-s3, d2 (European class) plastic
roofl ights: limitations on use and
boundary distance
51
7. TP(a) and TP(b) plastic roofl ights:
limitations on use and
boundary distance
51
B5
8. Typical fi re and rescue service vehicle
access route specifi cation
54
Appendices
A1. Specifi c provisions of test for fi re
resistance of elements of structure etc. 59
A2. Minimum periods of fi re resistance for
dwellinghouses
61
A3. Limitations on fi re-protecting
suspended ceilings
62
Approved Document B (Fire safety)
Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses
3
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