Document A - Structure 2004.pdf - UK & WALES BUILDING REGULATIONS - Kielons

The Building Regulations 2000

Structure

APPROVED DOCUMENT

Ground movement

Disproportionate collapse

MAIN CHANGES IN THE 2004

EDITION

This edition of Approved Document A,

Structure, replaces the 1992 Edition (with 1994

and 2000 amendments edition). The main

changes are:

Disproportionate collapse: the

Application Limit to the Requirement (ie.

the 5 storey limit) has been removed so

as to bring all buildings under control of

the A3 Requirement.

The modified guidance has been

developed from commissioned research

and consideration of the

recommendations given in the

forthcoming Eurocode EN1991-1-7 on

Accidental Actions.

Use of Guidance

Eurocodes: an announcement is given

regarding the forthcoming introduction of

the Structural Eurocodes and their

National Annexes.

House construction: reference is made

to the intended publication of guidance

by industry of alternative forms of house

construction to that of traditional

masonry.

A1 and A2

Traditional dwellings

The guidance on the sizing of timber

floors and roofs for traditional house

construction has been removed as the

Timber Tables are now published by

TRADA. However, the TRADA Tables are

referenced under Section 2B.

A revised map of basic wind speeds in

accordance with BS6399:Part 2 replaces

the superseded map which was based on

BS CP3 Chapter V.

Stainless steel cavity wall ties have been

specified to all houses regardless of their

location.

The guidance on masonry walls to

dwellings has been extended to enable

the rules to be applicable when using

either the appropriate British Standards

or the emerging BS EN CEN Standards.

The guidance on concrete foundations to

houses has been revised to align with the

recommendations given in the British

Standards and other authoritative

guidance. Recommendations on minimum

foundation depths have also been

included to counter the impact of

predicted climate changes.

The guidance on the design and

construction of domestic garages has

been extensively updated to reflect

modern practice.

Structure

Approved Document A

Contents

PAGE

Use of Guidance

Thickness of walls

Loading and Ground Movement

Conditions relating to the wall

Construction materials and workmanship

The Requirements

Loading on walls

Guidance

End restraint

Introduction

Openings, recesses, overhangs and

chases

Section 1: Codes, Standards and other

references for all building types

Lateral support by roofs and floors

Interruption of lateral support

Small single storey non-residential

buildings and annexes

Structural work of timber

Structural work of masonry

Section 2D: Proportions for masonry

chimneys above the roof surface

Structural work of reinforced, pre-stressed

or plain concrete

Height to width relationship

Structural work of steel

Structural work of aluminium

Section 2E: Foundations of plain

concrete

Foundations

Conditions relating to the ground

Ground Movement (Requirement A2(b)

Design provisions

Existing buildings

Minimum width of strip foundations

Section 2: Sizes of structural elements

for certain residential buildings and

other small buildings of traditional

construction

Minimum depth of strip foundations

Section 3: Wall Cladding

General

Technical Approach

Definitions

Section 2A: Basic requirements for

stability

Fixings

Further Guidance

Section 2B: Sizes of certain timber

members in floors and roofs for

dwellings. Areas at risk from House

Longhorn Beetle

Section 4: Roof Covering

Materials

Recovering of roofs

Sizing of members

House Longhorn Beetle

DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE

Section 2C: Thickness of walls in

certain small buildings

The Requirement

Guidance

Application

Performance

Wall types

Introduction

The use of this section

Conditions relating to the building of

which the wall form part

Section 5: Reducing the sensitivity

of the building to disproportionate

collapse in the event of an accident

Alternative Approach

Approved Document A

CONTENTS

PAGE

DIAGRAMS

Size and proportion of residential

buildings of not more than 3 storeys 13

TABLES

Areas at risk from House Longhorn

Beetle

Size and proportion of non-residential

buildings and annexes

Wall types considered in this section 12

Minimum thickness of certain

external walls, compartment walls,

and separating walls

Determination of wall thickness

Parapet walls: height

Imposed loads

Maximum floor area enclosed by

structural walls

Cavity wall ties

Map showing wind speeds in m/s

Compressive Strength of Masonry

Units complying with BS EN 771-1

to 5

Maximum height of buildings

Measuring storey and wall heights

Normalised compressive strength

of masonry unit of clay and calcium

silicate blocks complying with BS

EN 771-1 and 2

Compressive strength of masonry

units

10. Declared compressive strength of

masonry units

Value of factor ‘x’

11. Maximum span of floors

Lateral support for walls

12. Differences in ground level

10. Minimum width of strip foundations

13. Openings in a buttressing wall

11. Building Classes

14. Buttressing

15. Sizes of openings and recesses

16. Lateral support by floors

17. Lateral support at roof level

18. Size and location of openings

19. Wall thickness

20. Horizontal and lateral restraint at

roof level

21. Proportions for masonry chimneys

22. Elevation of stepped foundation

23. Piers and chimneys

24. Foundation dimensions

25. Area at risk of collapse in the event

of an accident

Structure

Approved Document A

THE BUILDING REGULATIONS 2000

Use of Guidance

THE APPROVED DOCUMENTS

This document is one of a series that has been

approved by the First Secretary of State for the

purpose of providing practical guidance with

respect to the requirements of Schedule 1 to

and Regulation 7 of the Building Regulations

2000 (SI 2000/2531) for England and Wales. SI

2000/2531 has been amended by the Building

(Amendment) Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/3335),

by the Building (Amendment) Regulations 2002

(SI 2002/440), by the Building (Amendment)

(No. 2) Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2871), by the

Building (Amendment) Regulations 2003 (SI

2003/2692) and by the Building (Amendment)

Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/1465).

At the back of this document is a list of all

the documents that have been approved and

issued by the Secretary of State for this

purpose.

Approved Documents are intended to provide

guidance for some of the more common

building situations. However, there may well be

alternative ways of achieving compliance with

the requirements. Thus there is no obligation

to adopt any particular solution contained in

an Approved Document if you prefer to meet

the relevant requirement in some other way.

Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC) 1

as amended by the CE Marking Directive

(93/68/EEC) 2 , or a product complying with an

appropriate technical specification (as defined

in those Directives), a British Standard, or an

alternative national technical specification of

any state which is a contracting party to the

European Economic Area which, in use, is

equivalent, or a product covered by a national

or European certificate issued by a European

Technical Approval Issuing body, and the

conditions of use are in accordance with the

terms of the certificate. You will find further

guidance in the Approved Document

supporting regulation 7 on materials and

workmanship.

Independent certification schemes

There are many UK product certification

schemes. Such schemes certify compliance

with the requirements of a recognised

document which is appropriate to the purpose

for which the material is to be used. Materials

which are not so certified may still conform to

a relevant standard.

Many certification bodies which approve such

schemes are accredited by UKAS.

Other requirements

The guidance contained in an Approved

Document relates only to the particular

requirements of the Regulations which that

document addresses. The building work will

also have to comply with the requirements of

any other relevant paragraphs in Schedule 1 to

the Regulations.

There are Approved Documents which give

guidance on each of the parts of Schedule 1

and on regulation 7.

Technical specifications

Building Regulations are made for specific

purposes; health and safety, energy

conservation and the welfare and convenience

of disabled people. Standards and technical

approvals are relevant guidance to the extent

that they relate to these considerations.

However, they may also address other aspects

of performance such as serviceability, or

aspects which although they relate to health

and safety are not covered by the Regulations.

When an Approved Document makes reference

to a named standard, the relevant version of

the standard is the one listed at the end of the

publication. However, if this version has been

revised or updated by the issuing standards

body, the new version may be used as a source

of guidance provided it continues to address

the relevant requirements of the Regulations.

The appropriate use of a product which

complies with a European Technical Approval

as defined in the Construction Products

Directive will meet the relevant requirements.

LIMITATION ON REQUIREMENTS

In accordance with regulation 8, the

requirements in Parts A to K and N of Schedule

1 to the Building Regulations do not require

anything to be done except for the purpose of

securing reasonable standards of health and

safety for persons in or about the buildings.

MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP

Any building work which is subject to

requirements imposed by Schedule 1 to the

Building Regulations should, in accordance

with regulation 7, be carried out with proper

materials and in a workmanlike manner.

You may show that you have complied with

regulation 7 in a number of ways. These

include the appropriate use of a product

bearing CE marking in accordance with the

As implemented by the Construction Products

Regulations 1991 (S.1. 1991/1620).

As implemented by the Construction Products

(Amendment) Regulations 1994 (S. 1. 1994/3051).

Approved Document A

Structure

Document A - Structure 2004.pdf

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