Introduction To Architecture - Architectural Dictionary Of Terms, Movements And Architects.pdf - Architektura - Ryjufka

Introduction To Architecture

Architectural Dictionary of

Terms, Movements and Architects

Billie Grahm & Mike Garde

determinants

Aesthetics

A particular theory or conception of beauty or

art : a particular taste for or approach to what

is pleasing to the senses and especially sight

Altar

1 : a usually raised structure or place on which

sacrifices are offered or

incense is burned in worship

2 : a table on which the

eucharistic elements are

consecrated or which serves

as a center of worship or

ritual

Arch

n 1 : a typically curved structural member

spanning an opening and serving as a support

(as for the wall or other weight above the

opening)

2 a : something resembling an arch in form or

function; especially :

either of two vaulted

portions of the bony

structure of the foot

that impart elasticity

to it b : a curvature

having the form of an arch - See Page 19

Barrel Vault

Built like an arch would be

built, complete with key

stone, but then extruded into

depth. An arch will hold a

wall above a door or a

bridge, anything narrow in

width when compared to its

height, length, and mass.

Where as a barreled vault can

support a room.

Base

1 a (1) : the lower part of a wall, pier, or

column considered as a separate architectural

feature (2) : the lower part of a complete

architectural design b : the

bottom of something considered

as its support : FOUNDATION

c (1) : a side or face of a geo-

metrical figure from which an

altitude can be constructed;

especially : one on which the

figure stands (2) : the length of

a base

Capital

The uppermost member of a

column or pilaster crowning the

shaft and taking the weight of

the entablature

Cathedral

Of, relating to, or containing a

bishop’s official throne (cathe-

dra)

Circulation

1 : orderly movement through a circuit;

2 : FLOW

Civic Structure

A structure of or relating to a citizen, a city,

citizenship

Column

A supporting pillar; especially : one consisting

of a usually round shaft, a capital, and a base

Concept

1 : something conceived in the mind

2 : an abstract or generic idea generalized

from particular instances

synonym see IDEA

Dome

A large hemispherical roof or

ceiling

Folly

A building that serves no need,

only built for ascetics. It can be

of any size.

determinants

n 1 : lack of good sense or normal prudence

and foresight

2 a : criminally or tragically foolish actions or

conduct b obsolete : EVIL, WICKEDNESS ;

especially : lewd behavior

3 : a foolish act or idea

4 : an excessively costly or unprofitable

undertaking

5 : an often extravagant picturesque building

erected to suit a fanciful taste

Minaret

A tall slender tower of a mosque having one or

more balconies from

which the summons to

prayer is cried by the

muezzin

Nave

The main part of the

interior of a church;

especially : the long narrow central

hall in a cruciform church that rises

higher than the aisles flanking it to

form a clerestory

Pagoda

A Far Eastern tower usually with

roofs curving upward at the division

of each of several stories and

erected as a temple or memorial

Pendentive

One of the concave trian-

gular members that

supports a dome over a

square space

Piazza

Geodesic Dome

Explain that…

Gothic

a: of, relating to, or having the

characteristics of a style of architecture devel-

oped in northern France and spreading through

western Europe from the middle of the 12th

century to the early 16th century that is

characterized by the converging of

weights and strains at isolated

points upon slender vertical

piers and counterbalancing

buttresses and by pointed

arches and vaulting

b : of or relating to an archi-

tectural style reflecting the

influence of the medieval

Gothic

1 plural piazze : an open square

especially in an Italian town

2 a : an arcaded and roofed

gallery b dialect : VERANDA,

PORCH

High Style

Requirements

(Churches, Pyramids, Greek Temples)

-Important Civic Structure

-Planed by an Architect

-Financial Backing

Indigenous

Having originated in and being produced,

growing, living, or occurring naturally in a

particular region or environment

Plan

Adrawing or

diagram drawn on a

plane: as a : a top

or horizontal view

of an object

Plane

A surface of such nature that a straight line

determinants

joining two of its points lies wholly in the

surface b : a flat or level surface

Precedent

prior in time, order, arrangement, or signifi-

cance

Renaissance

1 capitalized a : the transitional movement in

Europe between medieval and modern times

beginning in the 14th century in Italy, lasting

into the 17th century, and marked by a human-

istic revival of classical influence expressed in

a flowering of the arts and literature and by the

beginnings of modern science b : the period of

the Renaissance c : the neoclassic style of

architecture prevailing during the Renaissance

2 often capitalized : a movement or period of

vigorous artistic and intellectual activity

3 : REBIRTH, REVIVAL

Roof Pitch

Roof’s degree of slope

Shaft

the cylindrical pillar between the capital and

the base

Shutters

2 : a usually movable cover or screen for a

window or door

3 : a mechanical device that limits the passage

of light; especially : a

camera attachment

that exposes the film

or plate by opening

and closing an aper-

ture

Vault

1 a : an arched structure of masonry usually

forming a ceiling or roof b : something (as the

sky) resembling a vault c : an arched or dome-

shaped anatomical structure

2 a : a space covered by an arched structure;

especially : an underground passage or room

b : an underground storage compartment

Verandah

a usually roofed open

gallery or portico

attached to the exte-

rior of a building

Vernacular

of, relating to, or

characteristic of a

period, place, or

group; especially : of,

relating to, or being

the common building

style of a period or

place

point, line, plane, & volume

Additive Form

Modifying a form by adding to it

Architrave

The lowermost part of an entablature in

classical architecture that rests directly on top

of a column.

Axis

A straight line about which a body or geomet-

ric object rotates or may be conceived to

rotate.

Beam

A squared-off log or a large, oblong piece of

timber, metal, or stone used especially as a

horizontal support in construction.

Bearing Wall System

A wall that offers structural support for the

building. Verse a wall that offers no structural

support and could be removed at will

Berm

A narrow ledge or shelf, as along the top or

bottom of a slope.

Cantilever

A projecting structure, such as a beam, that is

supported at one end and carries a load at the

other end or along its length.

Centralized Organization

A horizontal molded projection that crowns or

completes a building or wall. The uppermost

part of an entablature.

Datum

A point, line, or surface used as a reference, as

in surveying, mapping, or geology.

Entablature

The upper section of a classical building,

resting on the columns and constituting the

architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Façade

The face of a building, especially the principal

face.

Frieze

A plain or decorated horizontal part of an

entablature between the architrave and cor-

nice.

Frontal Approach

An approach to a building that is perpendicular

or parell to the building.

Grid Organization

Identical units distributed evenly.

Tend to work well with ideas about making

efficient systems of infrastructure, a street grid

for getting cars around, or a structural grid for

supporting floors, or a cubicle grid that can

expand and contract with different functional

needs.

Hierarchy

A series in which each element is graded or

ranked

Linear Organization

Schemes that tend to collect themselves

around or on some sort of a major axis

Obelisk

A tall, four-sided shaft of stone, usually ta-

pered and monolithic, that rises to a pointed

pyramidal top.

Oblique Approach

Cloister

A covered walk with an open colonnade on

one side, running along the walls of buildings

that face a quadrangle.

Clustered Organization

Colonnade

A structure composed of columns placed at

regular intervals.

Colonnade Façade

Cornice

Introduction To Architecture - Architectural Dictionary Of Terms, Movements And Architects.pdf

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