cykl mocznikowy.pdf
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MM13__UR.AI
DEAMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS - THE UREA CYCLE
AMINO ACIDS
AMINO ACIDS
RCH
(NH
3
)
COO
-
+
RCH
(NH
3
)
COO
-
+
AMINO ACID I
MAINLY
LEUCINE, ISOLEUCINE, VALINE
AMINO ACID II
-
OOCCH
2
CH
2
COCOO
-
2-Oxoglutarate
2.6.1.
R.COCOO
-
2.6.1.
-
OOCCH
2
CH
2
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
2-Oxo acid
-
OOCCH
2
CH
2CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
Glutamate
Glutamate
Glutamate
NH
4
+
O
Catabolism and/or
+ATP
-
Pyruvate
Glucose
Transport to Liver
6.3.1.2
ADP+P
i
MUSCLE
2.6.1.2
CH
3
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
H
2
NOCCH
2
CH
2
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
Glutamine
Alanine
SKELETAL & HEART MUSCLE, KIDNEY
GLUCOSE
ALANINE
CYCLE
CH
3
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
CELL MEMBRANE
LIVER
Alanine
CYTOSOL
2.6.1.2
AMINO ACID I
2-Oxoglutarate
AMINO ACID II
Glutamine
Glucose
Pyruvate
-
OOCCH
2
CH
2
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
Catabolism etc.
-
OOCCH
2
CH
2CH
(NH
3
+
)
C
OO
-
2-Oxo acid
GLUTAMATE
GLUTAMATE
Gluconeogenesis
o
MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE
Glutamate
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
2-Oxoglutarate
NAD(P)
+
H
2
1.4.1.3
OXIDATIVE
DEAMINATION
UREA CYCLE
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
NAD(P)H
3.5.1.2
N-Acetylglutamate
NH
4
+
HCO
3
-
2ATP
NH
4
+
6.3.4.16
Glutamate
2ADP
Oxaloacetate
H
3
N[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
3
+
)COO
-
Carbamoyl-P
H
2
N
-
CO
-OP
P
i
2.6.1.1.
Ornithine
2-Oxoglutarate
2.1.3.3
Citrulline
P
i
Aspartate
Ornithine
MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE
O
H
2
N
-
C-
HN[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
3
+
)COO
-
-
OOCCH CHCOO
2
(NH
)
3
-
Citrulline
+
U
R
E
A
NO
.
Aspartate
Gluconeogenesis
6.3. 4.5
ATP
-
OOCC
H
CHCOO
-
2
AMP
PP
1.5 NADPH
+
NH
Oxaloacetate
-
OOCCOCH
2
COO
-
H
2
N=
C-
HN[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
3
+
)COO
-
i
1.14.13.39
Argininosuccinate
C
Y
C
L
E
1.5 NADP
+
NADH+H
+
4.3.2.1
-
OOCCH=CHCOO
-
-
OOCCH(OH)CH
2
C
OO
-
Fumarate
Malate
NH
2
1.5O
2
+
H
2
N=
C-
HN[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
3
+
)COO
-
H
2
O
NAD
+
Arginine
UREA CYCLE
3.5.3.10
H
3
N[CH
2
]
3
CH(NH
3
+
)COO
-
H
2
N-
CO-
NH
2
UREA
Ornithine
CELL MEMBRANE
NH
4
+
+
HCO
3
-
+
-
OOC.CH
2
CH
(NH
3
+
)
COO
-
+3ATP
H
2
N
.
CO
.
NH
2
+
-
OOCCH=CHCOO
-
+ 2ADP + 2P
i
+ AM
P
+PP
i
UREA CYCLE EQUATION
Urea
Glutamine
3.5.1.2
+
Aspartate
UREA
Fumarate
NH
4
Glut
a
mate
1.4.1.3
ENZYMES
NH
4
+
1.14.13.39 Nitric-oxide synthase
1.4.1.3 Glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)
2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
2.6.1.- Amino acid aminotransferase
2.6.1.1 Aspartate aminotransferase
2.6.1.2 Alanine aminotransferase
6.3.1.2 Glutamate-ammonia ligase
(Glutamine synthase)
6.3.4.5 Argininosuccinate synthase
2
-Oxoglutarate
3.5.1.2 Glutaminase
3.5.3.10 Arginase
4.2.1.2 Fumarate hydratase
4.3.2.1 Argininosuccinate lyase
6.3.4.16 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase
Glucose
(ammonia)
c
2001 IUBM B
1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase
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