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Anyone can
do south ...
We can do
north,
too
In order to achieve optimum energy
yields, solar photovoltaic systems
should be oriented directly south.
Unfortunately, this ideal case is not
always possible.
The solution for
diffuse irradiation
Solar irradiation in Central Europe
*
When purchasing solar modules,
many clients allow themselves to be
guided by theoretically determined
efficiency levels simulated under
laboratory conditions (STC
1
). The
average values in reality (MFC
2
) differ
greatly, however, in accordance with
the “real” module efficiency.
160
Direct irradiation
Diffuse irradiation
!
Problem:
The STC simulation is
solely based on direct
solar irradiation of
1,000 W/m
2
.
120
In addition to the orientation toward the
sky, the inclination of solar photovoltaic
modules also determines the energy
yield. An inclination between 25° und 30°
is optimal, but not always possible. Both
problems are often solved with expensi-
ve and space-intensive elevation of the
modules.
80
40
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
Low light performance of Inventux modules
**
Solar irradiation example:
For an irradiation of 1,000 W/m
2
, the sun
would need to shine onto the module
from directly overhead, unhindered
by smog or clouds. In reality, however,
nearly 60 % of solar irradiation is diffuse
and is considerably under 1,000 W/m
2
.
Inventux modules use this diffuse irradi-
ation better than many other modules,
providing high yields even in low light.
Inventux Plus:
Optimal energy output
even with irradiation
under 800 Watts
(approx. 80 % of
European irradiation
conditions).
Inventux modules have excellent perfor-
mance in low light and absorb a wider
light spectrum due to their tandem struc-
ture. This allows Inventux modules to be
used profitably in nearly any orientation
toward the sky and with nearly any roof
inclination.
1,2
STC
Inventux
modules
Crystalline
modules
0.8
58 % of the average
irradiation in Europe
0.4
Additional
yield with
Inventux
MFC
0
Irradiation
[W/m
2
]
0
200
400 600 800 1000
1) Standard Test Conditions 2) Most Frequent Conditions
*Source: Photovoltaische Anlagen DGS 2008 **Source: Solar Engineering GmbH, OC Oerlikon and own measurements
Anyone can
do cool ...
We can do
heat,
too
Due to a physical effect, all modules
decline in performance as temperatures
rise – most of them significantly.
The solution for
high temperatures
Actual module temperatures
*
!
Problem:
In order to reach the
STC simulation module
temperature of 25 °C bei
1,000 W/m
2
irradiation,
the ambient temperature
needs to be -13 °C!
In addition, the temperature of the solar
modules is always much higher than the
ambient temperature. Depending on irra-
diation, this can be around 20 °C more.
For most laboratory simulations
(STC
1
) for determining the theoreti-
cal efficiency of a solar photovoltaic
module, calculations are based on
a module temperature of 25 °C and
1,000 W/m
2
of irradiation.
70
30 °C
20 °C
10 °C
ambient temp.
ambient temp.
ambient temp.
60
50
Range of average module temperature in Europe
40
30
-13 °C
ambient temp.
20
STC
10
0
Due to its excellent temperature perfor-
mance, the performance loss for Inventux
solar photovoltaic modules is minimised,
i.e. they maintain a large part of their effi-
ciency even as temperatures rise. As a re-
sult, they deliver a higher specific energy
yield than many other solar photovoltaic
modules, especially crystalline ones.
-10
Irradiation
[Watt]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Depending on the actual ambient
temperature, the average module
temperature in Europe is between
40 and 65°C (MFC
2
), depending on
irradiation. Many solar photovoltaic
modules have a large drop in perfor-
mance in precisely this range. This
effect is minimised with Inventux
modules.
Temperature performance of Inventux modules
**
120
Inventux
modules
Crystalline
modules
Additional
yield with
Inventux
Inventux Plus:
Increasing energy yield
and returns with higher
temperatures when
compared to crystalline
modules.
STC
Range of average module
temperature in Europe
100
80
60
MFC
Module
temperature
[°C]
50
15
20 30 40 50 60 70
75
1) Standard Test Conditions 2) Most Frequent Conditions
*Source: Calculation performed using ISFH Hameln/Emmerthal model **Source: Own measurements at the Photovoltaik-Institut Berlin
25 35 45 55 65
Anyone can
do sunshine ...
We can do
shade,
too
Wherever there is sun, there are often
shadows as well. This causes most
solar photovoltaic modules to decline
significantly in performance.
The solution for
leaves and snow
The shading of one single cell can often
reduce the yield of the entire solar photo-
voltaic system. Like a chain reaction, the
performance of the cells connected in
series is interrupted, impairing the energy
flow across a large surface..
The cells of traditional crystalline
solar photovoltaic modules are
square in structure. An individual
cell can thus be much more easily
covered by leaves or snow. This is a
common cause for abrupt perfor-
mance loss and low energy yield of
the entire system.
The slender “pin stripe” cell design of the
Inventux solar modules prevents this, sin-
ce the shading of an entire cell is nearly
impossible. This allows Inventux modu-
les to give you the highest energy yield
– even if your solar photovoltaic system
is in a less-than-ideal location, such as in
close proximity to trees.
Inventux solar modules have a long,
slender cell structure – complete
shading of a cell is thus nearly im-
possible. Even when there is partial
shading of the cells, the generated
electricity continues to flow through
the module in an almost unhindered
manner.
100 %
100 %
75 %
75 %
50 %
Shading of a crystalline cell
causes a loss of approx.
50% in the modulel.
50 %
Shading of a thin-film cell
causes a loss of < 10% in
the module.
50 %
90 %
25 %
25 %
0 %
0 %
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