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Automotive Plastics
& Composites
Worldwide Markets and
Trends to 2007
Second edition
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UK
Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington,
Oxford OX5 I GB, UK
Elsevier Science inc., 665 Avenue of the Americas, New York,
NY 10010, USA
Elsevier Science Japan, Tsunashima Building Annex,
3-20-12 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
USA
JAPAN
Copyright 9 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other-
wise, without prior consent of the copyright owner.
Whilst every care is taken to ensure that the data published in this
report are accurate, the Publishers cannot accept responsibility for
any omissions or inaccuracies appearing or for any consequences
arising therefrom.
First edition August 1995
Second edition December 1999
Research Consultant: Dick Mann M.Inst.M. with assistance from
Jan C Van den Bos and Arthur Way
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
ISBN 1 85617 349 6
Published by
Elsevier Advanced Technology
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 I GB, UK
Tel.: +44(0) 1865 843000
Fax.: +44(0) 1865 843971
Typeset by Variorum Publishing Ltd, Rugby
Transferred to digital printing 2005
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Contents
Contents
List of tables
xi
Authors" biographies
XV
Executive Summary
xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction
Timescale, geographical coverageand definition of cars
Background to plastics and composites usage
Scope and contents
Plastics and composites definitions
Plastics and composites abbreviations
1
1
2
3
5
12
Chapter 2 Industry Analysis
2.1 Structureof the automotive industry
2.2 The changing structure of the automotive
components industry
2.3 The effects of developments in the structure of the
automotive industry's supply chain on the plastics
and composites sector
2.3.1 Economicunits
2.3.2 Raw materialssupply chain
2.3.3 Location
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Chapter 3 Plastics and Reinforcements Used in Automobile
Construction
3.1 Thermoplastics
3.1.1 Polyolefins
Polyethylene (PE)
Polypropylene (PP)
3.1.2 Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
3.1.3 Styrene-basedthermoplastics
Polystyrene (PS)
Acrylonitri le-butadiene-styrene graft
copolymers (ABS)
Acrylonitrile-styrenHcrylate graft copolymers
(ASA)
Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN)
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Automotive Plastics& Composites iii
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Contents
Styrene--maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA)
Polyamides (PA)
(Thermoplastic) Polyurethanes ( PU R)
Thermoplastic polyesters
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)
Polytrimethyleneterephthalate (PTT)
Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)
Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)
Polyacetal (POM)
Polyphenylene ether (PPE)
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs)
Thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPE-O)
Thermoplastic polyolefin vulcanisates (TPE-V)
Thermoplastic polyesterelastomers (TPE-E)
Styrene block copolymers (TPE-S)
Thermoplastic copolyamide elastomer (TPE-A)
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPE-U)
3.1.10 Fluoropolymers
Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
ETFE
Polyethylene chlorotrifluroethylene (ECFTE)
THV
3.1.11 Otherthermoplastics
Aliphatic polyketones
Thermoset resins
3.2.1 Unsaturatedpolyesters(UP resins)
3.2.2 Phenolicresins -phenol formaldehyde
polymer (PF)
3.2.3 Epoxyresins
3.2.4 (Thermoset)Polyurethanes(PUR)
3.2.5 Otherthermosets
Reinforcements
3.3.1 Glassfibres and glassmat
Glass reinforced thermoplastics
R-RIM and S-RIM
3.3.2 Otherfibres
Natural fibres
Aramid fibres
Carbon fibres
Metal fibres
Particulate reinforcements
Nanocomposites
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3.1.7
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.2
3.3
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5O
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Chapter 4 Plastics Processing Methods
4.1 Thermoplasticprocesses
4.1.1 Injection moulding
4.1.2 Extrusion
4.1.3 Blow moulding
4.1.4 Thermoforming
4.1.5 GMT-sheet moulding
4.1.6 Rotational moulding
4.1.7 Lostcore moulding
4.1.8 Casting
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iv Automotive Plastics & composites
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
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