{1066}{1177}In life, he was the most magnificent|beast ever to take to the wing. {1210}{1261}He ruled the skies supreme, {1263}{1309}flying far and wide {1311}{1352}over the lands of the dinosaurs. {1388}{1393}This is the story|of the last journey {1393}{1472}This is the story|of the last journey {1474}{1522}this giant ever made. {1872}{1958}It is the start|of a time called the Cretaceous. {1961}{2006}The movement of the continents {2009}{2081}is not only breaking up|the landmasses, {2083}{2162}but it continues|to push up sea levels. {2165}{2268}This has opened new seaways|and coastlines. {2270}{2332}(Squawking) {2335}{2431}Where once there was solid land,|now there are ragged cliffs, {2431}{2531}buzzing with an abundance of|flying reptiles called pterosaurs. {2534}{2622}Pterosaurs have been here|for 100 million years. {2627}{2723}Many species are huge. Wingspans|of six metres and more are common. {2826}{2915}But there is one species|that dwarfs them all. {3160}{3208}He is 0rnithocheirus - {3210}{3296}12 metres|from wing tip to wing tip {3299}{3351}and a body bigger than a man's. {3354}{3416}The undisputed king of the skies. {3668}{3701}This giant is over 40 years old. {3737}{3747}Most of his life has been spent|wandering the globe, {3747}{3826}Most of his life has been spent|wandering the globe, {3829}{3879}in search of food, {3881}{3975}but every year, there is an|interruption to this nomadic life. {3977}{4061}It will soon be time to find a mate. {4087}{4205}0n the rocks, the mating season|for another pterosaur is under way - {4207}{4279}the bizarre-looking Tapejara. {4342}{4430}Pterosaurs' wings|are thin membranes of skin {4433}{4512}that stretch from elongated fingers|on their forelimbs {4514}{4562}to the ends of their hindlimbs. {4653}{4718}Their bones are hollow and light. {4720}{4773}They are masters of the air, {4776}{4838}but on land they are cumbersome, {4840}{4931}with their legs joined up|by the wings. {4987}{5085}Squatting on all fours,|the males try and claim an area {5085}{5154}from which to display|to the females. {5190}{5250}They show off their colourful crests {5253}{5322}until one competitor backs down. {5373}{5454}A large crest is also a lure|to the females. {5562}{5667}A potential mate|soon makes a cautious approach, {5672}{5737}her head dipped in submission. {5845}{5936}As in any competition,|there are losers. {5938}{6034}Unable to secure himself|a good display patch, {6037}{6133}this male is perilously close|to a blowhole. {6135}{6219}Down here, he has little chance|of attracting a mate. {6288}{6346}(Honking call) {6456}{6571}Instinct tells the 0rnithocheirus|that it is time to move on. {6574}{6682}He must return|to his breeding site in Europe, {6684}{6751}on the other side of the world. {6895}{6950}For this giant of the sky, {6953}{7049}it will be the last great flight|he ever makes. {7288}{7336}What he is about to undertake {7339}{7435}is the most astounding journey|in the animal kingdom. {7473}{7545}From the shores|of the great southern continent, {7547}{7593}he will travel to North America, {7595}{7643}cross the Atlantic seaway, {7646}{7693}and fly on to the islands {7696}{7780}which mark where Europe|will one day be formed. {7782}{7878}Spread out below him|will be the majesty and spectacle {7880}{7940}of a world ruled by dinosaurs. {8142}{8216}In just a few days, he reaches|the southern tip of North America. {8583}{8633}Below him, a column of Iguanodon {8638}{8684}stretches along a beach, {8686}{8758}grazing the edge of a dense forest. {8760}{8866}A thousand tonnes of dinosaur|are on the move. {9072}{9130}Hundreds of mouths are searching {9132}{9233}for a fresh place|to satisfy their enormous appetites. {9528}{9542}The young play around the adults. {9542}{9592}The young play around the adults. {9595}{9679}Although these herbivores|walk on four legs, {9681}{9741}Iguanodon can run on just two. {9868}{9916}This makes them quite nimble, {9918}{10029}certainly more so than the|lumbering plant-eater, Polacanthus, {10031}{10081}that is accompanying the herd. {10312}{10384}(High-pitched shrieking) {10508}{10585}The wall of flesh|travels slowly onward, {10587}{10671}following the path|of the 0rnithocheirus, {10671}{10738}but there is a setback ahead. {10947}{11000}(Thunder) {11060}{11156}The climate in the time of|the dinosaurs is warm and tropical. {11158}{11232}There are only two seasons -|dry and wet. {11235}{11319}Now is the time of year|for tropical storms. {11319}{11403}In moments, the short stretch|of coast is drenched - {11405}{11472}welcome relief for thirsty plants {11475}{11534}and lean rivers, {11534}{11645}but it is a disaster|for a migrating pterosaur. {11700}{11796}The 0rnithocheirus|is grounded by the heavy rain, {11796}{11892}frustrating his urge|to get to the breeding site. {11916}{11976}He shelters as best he can - {11978}{12045}the downy fur on his body|must be kept dry. {12359}{12414}For the Iguanodon herd,|the rain is no hindrance. {12458}{12529}These are among the most successful|dinosaurs on the planet, {12532}{12580}populating every continent, {12582}{12640}thriving on a variety of vegetation. {12731}{12834}The river estuary provides them|with an ideal break in the forest. {12834}{12882}There is fresh water {12884}{12990}and the banks here are thick with|lush podocarp scrub and tree ferns. {13074}{13119}0ne reason Iguanodon|are so successful {13124}{13206}is they have a new way|of tackling plants. {13254}{13256}Most dinosaurs can only crudely|slice food with their teeth, {13256}{13352}Most dinosaurs can only crudely|slice food with their teeth, {13354}{13424}but Iguanodon|are the first herbivores {13426}{13517}to have back teeth|that can grind up vegetation. {13520}{13568}This ability to chew {13570}{13680}speeds digestion|of even the toughest plant material. {13800}{13848}The forests near the equator {13848}{13934}are also witness|to another landmark in evolution. {13934}{14002}The first simple flowers|have arrived, {14004}{14112}adding a dash of colour|to an otherwise green world. {14112}{14220}It is the start|of a new relationship with insects. {14222}{14270}Attracted by the colour and smell, {14273}{14340}this wasp is feasting on pollen. {14342}{14450}It will unwittingly spread it|to other flowers, {14452}{14519}speeding up|the plant's reproduction. {14519}{14623}The plants that have evolved|this feature are flourishing, {14627}{14726}and soon will dominate|the flora of the world. {14826}{14908}The next day,|the weather starts to improve. {14908}{15004}The 0rnithocheirus|waits impatiently in his cave, {15006}{15078}and busies himself with grooming. {15172}{15258}He is plagued by parasites that|bite vessels on his wing membrane. {15414}{15467}If he is to find a mate, {15469}{15519}he must be in prime condition. {15522}{15603}He has to keep the parasites|in check. {15795}{15843}In the morning air, {15843}{15920}smaller reptiles|are now out on the wing. {15922}{16011}But the 0rnithocheirus is so large,|he must wait {16013}{16104}until the heat of the day|creates warm updraughts of air, {16109}{16157}strong enough to lift him. {16289}{16385}But time is short.|His body is already showing signs {16387}{16442}of readiness for mating. {16445}{16512}Faint colours have started to bloom {16512}{16579}on his beak's display crest. {16670}{16754}At last,|he can resume his epic journey. {17178}{17274}For thousands of kilometres, he|follows the coast of North America. {17346}{17442}Like all giant pterosaurs,|he uses his enormous wings {17445}{17557}to ride on the warm air currents|that rise over land. {17783}{17879}His whole body weighs|less than 100 kilograms, {17881}{17994}and this helps him glide|effortlessly over huge distances. {18027}{18090}But soon he must face open water. {18135}{18207}This is the young Atlantic. {18281}{18356}It is still|only 300 kilometres wide. {18358}{18452}To reach the other side,|he'll need all his gliding skills {18454}{18528}to exploit air currents|that form over waves. {18531}{18588}Along the way, he must feed. {19185}{19245}But flying low brings its dangers. {19248}{19346}Hungry monsters watch him|from below the waves. {19511}{19569}An entire day on the wing, {19571}{19689}and he has arrived on the most|western of Europe's islands. {19801}{19907}Again, the landscape is dominated|by a huge herd of Iguanodon. {19909}{20000}But this time,|it is a larger European species, {20003}{20068}up to three tonnes apiece. {20144}{20202}These animals are again accompanied {20204}{20259}by a spiky Polacanthus. {20262}{20310}These armoured herbivores {20312}{20382}are often found|around Iguanodon herds, {20384}{20430}presumably for mutual protection. {20432}{20504}There is safety in numbers. {20506}{20578}(Growling) {20679}{20727}They are being watched {20729}{20799}by a pack|of carnivorous Utahraptors. {20801}{20900}For the moment,|they are biding their time. {21166}{21245}Meanwhile,|another conflict is looming. {21247}{21341}A small pterosaur|fishes the waters of the lake. {21343}{21451}Its success has not gone unnoticed|by 0rnithocheirus. {21453}{21511}The giant turns bully. {22113}{22177}Under cover of the pencil pines, {22182}{22247}a female Utahraptor|has been stalking. {22249}{22329}Her chosen prey are the Iguanodon. {22688}{22782}Somewhere close by|are the rest of the pack. {22839}{22909}(Low growling) {22911}{23021}With lethal claws, this|five-metre killer is well-armed. {23024}{23072}And long fingers help her {23074}{23149}to latch on|to swift-moving larger prey. {23151}{23247}(Bellowing) {23844}{23916}(Hissing) {23964}{24033}(Bellowing) {24141}{24203}Raptors have|the short legs of a sprinter {24206}{24287}and do not pursu...
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