Crouch - How to Defend in Chess - Mandarin.pdf - Crouch - How to Defend in Chess.pdf (3492) - darcioalberico

MAI4IBIITI

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Many books discuss how to attack in chess, but resourceful defensive play is

also a vital ingredient in competitive success. This is an area largely

neglected in the literature of the game.

This book fills the gap admirably. Following a survey

of general defensive methods in chess, Dr Colin

Crouch investigates the techniques of World

Champions Emanuel Lasker and Tigran Petrosian,

both highly efective defenders. Lasker would place

myriad practical obstacles in the opponent's way, and

was a master of the counterattack. Petrosian

developed Nimzowitsch's theories of prophylaxis to a

new level. His opponents would find that somehow

their attacking chances had been nullified long before

they could become reality.

International Master Dr Colin Crouch is a highly

experienced chess-player from England who has

written well-regarded books about openings,

endgames and middlegame theory. His game

annotations have appeared in several major chess

magazines, including Inside Chess and Chess

Monthly.

Other chess titles from Gambit include:

Secrets

Chess

Defence

Simon Williams

$24.95

ISBN-13: 978-1-904600-83-1

ISBN-10: 1-904600-83-2

9781904600831

£13.99

How to Defend in Chess

Learn from the World Champions

Colin Crouch

MAI�IBIITI

This edition, irst published by Gambit Publications Ltd in 2007, is a reissue of

the work originally published by Everyman Publishers pIc (in association with

Gambit Publications Ltd) in 2000.

Contents

The right of Colin Crouch to be identiied as the author of this work has been as

serted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Symbols

way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in

any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a

similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent pur

chaser.

Preface

Principles of Defence

The Steinitz Legacy

Prophylaxis

The Geography of the Chessboard

ISBN-13: 978-1-904600-83-1

ISBN-lO: 1-904600-83-2

(First edition ISBN-lO: 1-85744-250-4; ISBN-13: 978-1-85744-250-2)

Lasker as Defender

Ll Lasker-Pillsbury, Hastings 1895

L2 Chigorin-Lasker, St Petersburg 1895/6

2.1 Chigorin-Lasker, St Petersburg 1895/6

2.2 Steinitz-Lasker, Moscow Wch (3) 1896

2.3 Schlechter-Lasker, London 1899

L3 Steinitz-Lasker, Nuremberg 1896

4 Lasker-Napier, Cambridge Springs 1904

L5 Schlechter-Lasker, Berlin Wch (7) 1910

L6 Nimzowitsch-Lasker, St Petersburg 1914

6.1 Fischer-Petrosian, Buenos Aires Ct (3) 1971

L7 Capablanca-Lasker, StPetersburg 1914

L8 Alekhine-Lasker, New York 1924

L9 Euwe-Lasker, Zurich 1934

9.1 Lasker-Capablanca, Havana Wch (10) 1921

9.2 Capablanca-Lasker, Havana Wch (11) 1921

9.3 Alekhine-Lasker, Zurich 1934

LlO Spielmann-Lasker, Moscow 1935

10.1 Kan-Lasker, Moscow 1935

10.2 Alekhine-Lasker, Moscow (exhibition game) 1914

10.3 Fischer-Petrosian, Buenos Aires Ct (7) 1971

101

102

103

104

112

114

DISTRIBUTION:

Worldwide (except USA): Central Books Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN,

England. Tel +44 (0)20 8986 4854 Fax +44 (0)20 8533 5821.

E-mail: orders@Centralbooks.com

Gambit Publications Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN, England.

E-mail: info@gambitbooks.com

Website (regularly updated): www.gambitbooks.com

Edited by Graham Burgess

Typeset by Petra Nunn

Cover image by Wolf Morrow

Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wilts.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Gambit Publications Ltd

Managing Director: Murray Chandler GM

Chess Director: Dr John Nunn GM

Editorial Director: Graham Burgess FM

German Editor: Petra Nunn WFM

We bmaster: Dr Helen Milligan WFM

Petrosian as Defender

PI Petrosian-Smyslov, USSR Ch (Moscow) 1951

1.1 Ve selovsky-Kudishevich, USSR 1969

1.2 Geller-Unzicker, Saltsjobaden IZ 1952

P2 Reshevsky-Petrosian, ZurichlNeuhausen Ct 1953

117

127

128

How O DEFEND IN CHESS

2.1 Geller-Euwe, ZuricNeuhausen Ct 1953

2.2 Taimanov-Perosian, ZurichNeuhausen Ct 1953

2.3 Smyslov-Petrosian, ZuricNeuhausen Ct 1953

P3 Dickstein-Petrosian, Vna OL 1962

P4 Botvinnik-Perosian, Moscow Wch (18) 1963

P5 Spassy-Petrosian, Moscow Wch (5) 1966

5.1 Gheorghiu-Johanessen, Havana OL 1966

5.2 Tal-Botvinnik, USSR Cht (Moscow) 1966

P6 Spassky-Petrosian, Moscow Wch (7) 1966

P7 Fischer-Petrosian, Santa Monica 1966

P8 Fischer-Petrosian, Buenos Aires Ct (5) 1971

8.1 Fischer-Gheorghiu, Buenos Aires 1970

8.2 Bronstein-Smyslov, USSR Ch (Leningrad) 1971

8.3 Tal-Smyslov, USSR Ch (Leningrad) 1971

8.4 Hibner-Petrosian, Seville Ct (7) 1971

P9 Tal-Petrosian, USSR Ch (Erevan) 1975

9.1 Karpov-Petrosian, Milan 1975

9.2 Kasparov-Petrosian, Banja Luka 1979

PIO Kasparov-Petrosian, Tilburg 1981

134

136

137

138

148

160

171

172

181

190

197

198

199

200

201

211

212

Symbols

+ check

++ double check

# checkmate

!! brilliant move

! good move

!? interesting move

?! dubious move

? bad move

?? blunder

+- White is winning

± White is much better

t White is slightly better

= equal position

= Black is slightly better c

= Black is much better

-+ Black is winning

Ch championship

Cht team championship

Wch world championship

Ct candidates event

IZ interzonal event

Z zonal event

OL olympiad

jr junior event

won women's event

mem memorial event

rpd rapidplay game

cor. corespondence game

1-0 the game ends in a win for White

lh-1f2 the game ends in a draw

0-1 the game ends in a win for Black

(n) nth match game

(D) see next diagram

Index ofOpenings

Index of Players

Index of Games

221

222

PREFACE

Preface

the featured player trying desperately to escape from a dire position created by

previous poor play. Nevertheless, the games as a whole form an important part of

the creative legacy, in the ield of defence especially, of both the main featured

players. The games have been selected so that a wide range of defensive tasks are

featured. In writing the notes, I have attempted to concentrate on the positional

logic of play rather than on the listing of variations, as this is an aspect that tends

to get undeplayed as I n f om a t or - style notes increasingly predominate. Even so,

variations are important, and need to be considered. Probably most readers will

ind it best to play through the games fairly quickly at first, paying due attention

to the verbal notes, and then on a second reading focus on the detailed interaction

of play at critical points.

It is also a personal pleasure to try to gain a closer understanding of the play of

Lasker and Petrosian. Only in recent years, as a result of having written a book on

the Hastings 1895 tounament, have I appreciated what an outstanding player

Lasker was by the standard of his times. Here was a player who, in the years ater

Hastings, could play in the occasional strong tounament, win against strong op

position by a massive margin, and then drop out for a while to pursue other inter

ests. And as the standard of play among the strongest players started to improve,

Lasker's play improved too, even when he was in his ities.

Petrosian was World Champion in my very youngest days of playing chess.

His manoeuvring and indirect playing style made quite an impression on me in

my younger days, and I was among the minority who expected him to win his

match with Fischer in 1971, and thus stop the famed Fischer-Spassky match in

1972 from ever taing place. Even now I ind it surprising that Petrosian did not

somehow convert a few more of the advantages he secured in the irst half of the

match, and build up a winning lead. Maybe he did not have the buning psycho

logical desire to beat Fischer. The impression is easily given that he was one of

the more relaxed of the world champions, the man who said that he never knew

Fischer well, because he never drank wine with him.

'Winning' is probably a more common word than 'chess' in the titles of chess

books. Yet 'not losing' is just as important; defensive skill is an essential prt of

any strong player's repertoire.

It is now well understood that an advantage may be genuine enough, but insuf

icient to force a win against good play. For the player with the worse position to

crry such a position through to safety is the very basis of any sophisticated de

fensive technique. The player who starts a game with the black pieces will from

the outset be confronted with the problem of defence; most of the defensive

achievements presented in this book are with Black.

Steinitz was perhaps the irst great defender in chess, and his successor Lasker

paid generous tribute to Steinitz's achievements in this ield. It has to be said that

many of his opponents helped him along by,going straight for the attack, even

when the position did not justify it.

Two other World Champions have had particularly awesome reputations as

defenders, Emanuel Lasker and Tigran Petrosian. Lasker, it seemed, could es

cape from anything. He had the knack of being able, when under pressure, to

generate positions of the most unbelievable complexity, mking it almost impos

sible for the opponent to ind a clear way with his threats. And when he could not

pull this method of defence of, he had a remarkable ability to look at the ruins of

his own position, and somehow, with a few primitive implements, to build for

tresses out of the ubble. To follow a logical plan when you have a good position

is the normal skill of any competent chess-player; to be able to do so when your

position is close to lost is a much rarer skill.

Petrosian's great defensive sill, on the other hand, was to have a superb

awareness of how to bring even a slightly troublesome position to safety; his one

weakness was that he was oten too inclined to try to bring any position to safety,

when a more aggressive player might legitimately have been seeking victory.

Petrosian was an excellent tactician, and he could match even the best attackers

in exchanges of tactical blows. He was therefore good in a crisis, but his distinc

tive style was directed towards such a crisis never occurring in the irst place,

through elaborate and creful prophylactic manoeuvring.

This book gives ten complete games by each ofLasker and Petrosian, together

with supplementary games. The main games include examples of play from al

most every World Champion from Steinitz onwards, and several of them are

taken from World Championship matches. This can hardly be described as a

'best games' collection, in that in several cases, with Lasker especially, we see

Colin Couch

Harrow Weald

January 2000

Crouch - How to Defend in Chess - Mandarin.pdf

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