Javascript.pdf

JavaScript: The Definitive Guide

By David Flannagan; ISBN: 1-56592-235-2, 637 pages.

Second Edition, January 1997

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

Part I: Core JavaScript

This part of the book, Chapters 2 through 9, documents the core JavaScript language, as it is used in web

browsers, web servers, and even in standalone JavaScript implementations. This part is a JavaScript

language reference, and after you read through it once to learn the language, you may find yourself

referring to it to refresh your memory about some of the trickier points.

Chapter 2: Lexical Structure

Chapter 3: Variables and Data Types

Chapter 4: Expressions and Operators

Chapter 5: Statements

Chapter 6: Functions

Chapter 7: Objects

Chapter 8: Arrays

Chapter 9: Further Topics in JavaScript

Part II: Client-Side JavaScript

This part of the book, Chapters 10 through 20, documents JavaScript as it is implemented in web

browsers. These chapters introduce a host of new JavaScript objects which represent the web browser

and the contents of HTML documents. There are quite a few examples showing typical uses of these new

objects. You will find it helpful to study these examples carefully.

Chapter 10: Client-Side Program Structure

Chapter 11: Windows and the JavaScript Name Space

Chapter 12: Programming with Windows

Chapter 13: The Navigator, Location, and History Objects

Chapter 14: Documents and Their Contents

Chapter 15: Saving State with Cookies

Chapter 16: Special Effects with Images

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JavaScript: The Definitive Guide

Chapter 17: Forms and Form Elements

Chapter 18: Compatibility Techniques

Chapter 19: LiveConnect: JavaScript and Java

Chapter 20: JavaScript Security

Part III: Reference

This part of the book is a complete reference to all of the objects, properties, functions, methods, and

event handlers in client-side JavaScript and in the core JavaScript language. The first few pages of this

part explain how to use this reference and provide a table of contents for it.

JavaScript Reference Pages

Part IV: Appendices

This part summarizes the differences between JavaScript in versions of Netscape Navigator, as well as

the differences in the version of JavaScript implemented in Microsoft Internet Explorer. It also contains a

list of known JavaScript bugs, the Netscape specification for Internet "cookies," and other important

details useful to the serious JavaScript programmer.

Appendix A: JavaScript Resources on the Internet

Appendix B: Known Bugs

Appendix C: Differences between Navigator 2.0 and 3.0

Appendix D: JavaScript Incompatibilities in Internet Explorer 3.0

Appendix E: A Preview of Navigator 4.0

Appendix F: Persistent Client State:HTTP Cookies

Appendix G: JavaScript and HTML Color Names and Values

Appendix H: LiveConnected Navigator Plug-Ins

Index

Examples - Warning: this directory includes long filenames which may confuse some older

operating systems (notably Windows 3.1).

Search the text of JavaScript: The Definitive Guide .

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Preface

Contents:

Conventions Used in This Book

Request for Comments

Finding Examples Online

Acknowledgments

In recent months, the pace of technical innovation has shot through the roof. It's been said that the

Internet has turned "man-months" into "web-weeks." It's hard to keep up!

When Netscape released a final version of Navigator 2.0, I imagined that JavaScript would finally be

stable, and that the time was ripe for a book documenting it. Soon after I started writing, a beta release of

Netscape 3.0 was announced. It seems like I've been playing catch-up ever since. In order to keep up

with this rapidly evolving language, we printed a "beta edition" of this book which documented the final

beta release of Navigator 3.0.

With the beta edition released, I was able to catch my breath and really document JavaScript the way it

needed to be documented. This edition is far superior to the last. It is over one hundred pages longer and

contains several new chapters, many practical new examples, far fewer errors, and dramatically improved

coverage of cookies, the Image object, LiveConnect, and other topics.

Fortunately (for my sanity), this edition of the book goes to print before the first beta version of

Navigator 4.0, a.k.a. Communicator, is released. The word is that there will be a lot of powerful and

interesting new JavaScript features in Navigator 4.0, and you can be sure that we'll update this book to

cover them when the final version of 4.0 comes out. In the meantime, I hope you'll agree that this book is

truly the definitive guide to JavaScript.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following formatting conventions in this book:

Bold is used for headings in the text, and occasionally to refer to particular keys on a computer

keyboard or to portions of user interfaces, such as the Back button or the Options menu.

Italics are used for emphasis, and to signify the first use of a term. Italics are also used for email

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Preface

addresses, web sites, FTP sites, file and directory names, and newsgroups. Furthermore, italics are

used in this book for the names of Java classes, to help keep Java class names distinct from

JavaScript names.

Letter Gothic is used in all JavaScript code and HTML text listings, and generally for

anything that you would type literally when programming.

Letter Gothic Oblique is used for the name of function arguments, and generally as a

placeholder to indicate an item that would be replaced with an actual value in your programs. It is

also used for comments in Javascript code.

Request for Comments

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[Chapter 1] Introduction to JavaScript

Chapter 1

1. Introduction to JavaScript

Contents:

Executable Content: JavaScript in a Web Page

JavaScript Myths

What JavaScript Can Do

What JavaScript Can't Do

An Example: Calculating Your Taxes with JavaScript

Flavors and Versions of JavaScript

JavaScript Security

Using the Rest of This Book

Exploring JavaScript

JavaScript is a lightweight interpreted programming language with rudimentary object-oriented

capabilities. The general-purpose core of the language has been embedded in Netscape Navigator and

other web browsers and embellished for web programming with the addition of objects that represent the

web browser window and its contents. This "client-side" version of JavaScript allows "executable

content" to be included in web pages--it means that a web page need no longer be static HTML, but can

include dynamic programs that interact with the user, control the browser, and dynamically create HTML

content.

Syntactically, the core JavaScript language resembles C, C++ and Java, with programming constructs

such as the if statement, the while loop, and the && operator. The similarity ends with this syntactic

resemblance, however. JavaScript is an untyped language, which means that variables do not have to

have a type specified. Objects in JavaScript are more like Perl's associative array than they are like

structures in C or objects in C++ or Java. Also, as mentioned, JavaScript is a purely interpreted language,

unlike C and C++, which are compiled, and unlike Java, which is compiled to byte-code before being

interpreted.

This chapter is a quick overview of JavaScript; it explains what JavaScript can do and also what it can't,

and exposes some myths about the language. The chapter demonstrates web programming with some

real-world JavaScript examples, explains the many versions of JavaScript, and also addresses security

concerns.

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