Hormones and Social Behavior - D. Pfaff, et al., (Springer, 2008) WW.pdf

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research and perspectives in endocrine interactions
Fondation Ipsen
D. Pfaff C. Kordon
P. Chanson Y. Christen (Eds.)
Hormones
and Social Behavior
With 27 Figures, 13 in Color
123
Donald W. Pfaff ,Ph.D
Rockefeller University
Lab. Neurobiology & Behavior
1230 York Ave
New York, NY 10021
USA
e-mail: pfaff@rockefeller.edu
Claude Kordon ,Ph.D
Institut Necker
156, rue de Vaugirard
75015 Paris
France
e-mail: kordon@necker.fr
Philippe Chanson ,M.D.
Endocrinology
and Reproductive Diseases
University Hospital Bicêtre
78, rue du Général Leclerc
94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
France
e-mail: philippe.chanson@
bct.ap-hop-paris.fr
Yves Christen ,Ph.D.
Fondation IPSEN
Pour la Recherche Thérapeutique
24, rue Erlanger
75781 Paris Cedex 16
France
e-mail: yves.christen@ipsen.com
ISBN 978-3-540-79286-4
e-ISBN 978-3-540-79288-8
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-79288-8
Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions ISSN 1861-2253
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008925348
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Preface
Social Bonding, a Product of Evolution:
an Introduction to the Volume
Mechanisms underlying reproductive and maternal functions or coping represent the
initial structuring force behind many social behaviors. They are accompanied by selec-
tive hormonal environments aimed at facilitating or stabilizing them. Sex and adrenal
steroids are major players in the regulation of reproductive functions and coping
challenges, but other hormones also participate in a variety of social behaviors (in
particular, oxytocin and vasopressin, two phylogenetically very old moieties originally
associated with maternal care and water balance) and are receiving increasing atten-
tion. Their role is highlighted in the present volume, which gathers contributions to
the Colloque Médicine et Recherche “Hormones and Social Behavior” organized by the
Fondation IPSEN in December 2007.
What is the key to understanding the rationale of hormonal substrates of behavior?
Evolution, of course. Higher manifestations of social behavior have evolved from re-
productive behavior, characterized by Ernst Mayr as “the leading edge of evolutionary
change.” As formulated by one contributor to this volume, however, “the evolutionary
increase in neocortex seen in primates has induced a significant emancipation of be-
havior from hormonal determinants, and in parallel, an increasing role for intelligent
social strategies” (Keverne 2008).
In so-called “lower” mammalian animals, many social behaviors are closely de-
pendent upon the olfactory system, a component of autonomous regulation of such
importance that it expresses a large proportion of all receptor genes present in the brain.
When one looks at “higher” mammals such as primates, olfactory control becomes less
stringent. Olfactory structures exhibit the same number of receptor genes, but a large
number are transformed into non-coding “pseudogenes.” In parallel, hormones ini-
tially targeted on physiological functions become increasingly associated with more
diversified cognitive functions.
Consider oxytocin, one of two nonapeptides (along with vasopressin) concerned
with fluid balance in the face of physiological challenges. Regarding social behaviors,
oxytocin has evolved from an almost exclusive association with maternal care towards
a role in the transmission of a “cultural” experience to offspring. Interestingly, this
shift is facilitated by the capacity of oxytocin itself to induce glial plasticity around
the very neurons that produce it, thus building temporary neuroanatomical barriers
(Theodosis 2008) isolating its purely physiological actions from more behavioral ones.

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