The_modern_Middle_East_Ilan_Papp_233.pdf

The Modern Middle East

This hugely successful, ground-breaking book is the irst introductory textbook

on the modern Middle East to foreground the urban, rural, cultural and women's

histories of the region over its political and economic history. Distancing himself

rom more traditional modernizing approaches, Ilan Pappe is concerned with the

ideological question of whom we investigate in the past rather than how we

investigate the past.

Pappe begins his narrative at the end of the First World War with the Ottoman

heritage, and concludes at the present day with the political discourse of Islam.

Providing full geographical coverage of the region, The Modern Middle East:

opens with a carefully argued introduction which outlines the methodology

used in the textbook

• provides a thematic and comparative approach to the region, helping stu

dents to see the peoples of the Middle East and the developments that afect

their lives as part of a larger world

includes insights gained from new historiographical trends and a critical

approach to conventional state- and nation-centred historiographies

• includes case studies, debates, maps, photos, an up-to-date bibliography and

a glossarial index.

This second edition has been brought right up to date with recent events, and

includes a new chapter on the media revolution and the efect of media globali

zation on the Middle East, and a revised and expanded discussion on modern

Iranian history.

Accessible and original, The Modern Middle East continues to energize discus

sion and stimulate debate on the regi on's history, and provides new insights and

perspectives on its story.

Ilan Pa ppe is Professor at the Institute fo r Arab and Islamic Studies at the Uni

versity of Exeter, Co-Director of the Exeter Centre for Ethnopolitical Studies,

and Director of the Exeter Centre for Palestine Studies.

Praise for the first edition:

'Pappe directly challenges the negative stereotype of the Middle East as an un

democratic and pre-modern zone. He does this in an engaging manner.'

The Times Higher Educational Supplement

'In isexpansive survey of Middle Easternhistory over the last century, Ilan Pappe

questions modernization as the best fr amework for understanding that history

and seeks to provide an alternative that devotes much-needed attention to the

ways in which non-elite social groups were afected b, and participated in, the

dramatic political, social, economic and cultural transformations of the period.'

Zachary Lockman, Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, New York

University

\nimportant survey of the vital and much-neglected cultural and social history

of the region.'

John Chalcrat, Department of Islamic and Middle Estern Studies, University of

Edinburgh

The Modern Middle East

Second edition

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LONDON AND NEW YORK

First published 200 5

This edition published 2010 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge s an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Typeset in Dante by The Running Head Limited, Cambridge,

www.therunninghead.com

Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall

utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now

known or hereater invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any

information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing rom

the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available rom the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Pappe, Ilan.

The modern Middle East I Ilan Pappe. - 2nd ed.

p. em.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

r. Middle East- Politics and government- 2oth century. 2. Middle East

Politics and government-21st century. 3. Middle East-Economic conditions

-2oth century. 4· Middle East-Economic conditions-21st century. I. Title.

DS63.I.P 37 200 9

956.04-dc22

ISBN 10: 0-41 5 - 5 4371-1 ( hbk)

ISBN IO: 0-4 1 5- 54372- x ( pbk )

ISBN 13: 978-0-415-54371-2 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978- 0-41 5-5437 2 -9 ( pbk )

Contents

List of illustrations ix

Preface to the second edition xi

Preface to the irst edition xiii

Introduction: whose'modern times'?

Theories of modernization

Alternative views?

The political and economic background

Political developments 17

The economic background

2 The rural history of the Middle East in the twentieth century

The fast pace of change: the end of self-subsistence and autonomy

The colonial invasion of rural space 71

Under the yoke or blessing of independence

The anatomy of failure 79

The balance sheet of the Green Revolution 90

The slow pace of history: recurring patterns of rural and tribal life

The history of the clan and the family 95

Ruralization versus urbanization: the transformation of values,

hierarchies and social structures 99

The case of Shaykh Ahmad al-Alawi 100

The transformation of tribal space in the twentieth century

102

The ambivalent history of tribalism and kinship

107

Conclusions

112

3 Urban history 115

Questions of categorization

117

The demographic factor

119

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